Base Oils

Group I to III, PAO and esters, the base of every blend.

5 items in this group

Row of sample bottles of base oil, from water clear to amber

Group I, Solvent Neutral

SN 150 · SN 500 · SN 650 · BS 150

Conventional solvent refined base oils, still needed for heavy duty and cylinder oils.

Group I is produced by solvent refining and sits below 90 % saturates with more than 0.03 % sulphur, at a viscosity index between 80 and 120. Capacity is declining worldwide as refineries switch to hydrocracking. Group I remains in demand where high solvency for additives and ageing products is needed, as in cylinder oils, heavy duty gear oils and process oils. This applies to bright stock BS 150 in particular.

Applications: Lubricant blending plants · Process oils · Cylinder oils · Grease manufacture
Packaging: 208 L drum · Flexitank · ISO tank · Bulk vessel
Regions of origin: Gulf region · Southeast Asia · North America
Supply: Ex stock and on a contract basis

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Typical values Group I, Solvent Neutral · SN 150 · SN 500 · SN 650 · BS 150
Property	Unit	Value	Test method
Saturates	%	< 90	API 1509 Annex E
Sulphur content	%	> 0.03
Viscosity index		80 to 120	ASTM D2270
SN 150		low viscosity, e.g. hydraulic oils
SN 500		higher viscosity, engine and gear oils
SN 650		high viscosity
BS 150 (bright stock)		very viscous residue, cylinder and heavy duty oils

Typical values, not a specification commitment. The batch analysis (COA) is binding.

Group II

N 70 · N 150 · N 500 · N 600

Hydrocracked base oils with low sulphur content, now the standard in engine oil blending.

Through hydrocracking, Group II reaches at least 90 % saturates at a maximum of 0.03 % sulphur, with a viscosity index between 80 and 120. Compared with Group I this brings markedly better oxidation stability and a lighter colour at almost the same price level. The designation N 150 or N 500 follows the approximate SUS viscosity at 100 °F.

Applications: Engine oil blending · Hydraulic oils · Industrial oils
Packaging: 208 L drum · Flexitank · ISO tank · Bulk vessel
Regions of origin: USA (Gulf Coast) · Middle East · South Korea
Supply: Ex stock and on a contract basis

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Typical values Group II · N 70 · N 150 · N 500 · N 600
Property	Unit	Value	Test method
Saturates	%	≥ 90	API 1509 Annex E
Sulphur content	%	≤ 0.03
Viscosity index		80 to 120	ASTM D2270

Typical values, not a specification commitment. The batch analysis (COA) is binding.

Group III

4 cSt · 6 cSt · 8 cSt

Hydroisomerised base oils with a VI of 120 and above, used for modern low viscosity oils.

Group III is produced by severe hydrocracking and hydroisomerisation and reaches a viscosity index of at least 120. This allows multigrade oils such as 0W-20 and 5W-30 to be formulated with a low polymer content. The Middle East has become one of the main export regions for Group III. Qatar, Bahrain and the UAE supply North America, Europe and Asia from there.

Applications: Low viscosity engine oils · Long life formulations · Gear oils
Packaging: 208 L drum · Flexitank · ISO tank · Bulk vessel
Regions of origin: Qatar · UAE · Bahrain · South Korea
Supply: Ex stock and on a contract basis

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Typical values Group III · 4 cSt · 6 cSt · 8 cSt
Property	Unit	Value	Test method
Saturates	%	≥ 90	API 1509 Annex E
Sulphur content	%	≤ 0.03
Viscosity index		≥ 120	ASTM D2270
Trade grades		4, 6 and 8 cSt at 100 °C	ASTM D445

Typical values, not a specification commitment. The batch analysis (COA) is binding.

PAO (Group IV)

PAO 4 · PAO 6 · PAO 8

Fully synthetic polyalphaolefins for extreme temperatures and long service life.

PAO is produced by oligomerisation of decene and dodecene olefins. The molecule is built up by synthesis rather than refined from crude. The result is a very narrow molecular weight distribution with excellent behaviour at low temperature and low volatility. The number denotes the viscosity at 100 °C to ASTM D445.

Applications: Compressor oils · Gear oils · Hydraulic fluids · High performance lubricants
Packaging: 208 L drum · IBC 1,000 L · ISO tank
Supply: On a contract basis

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Typical values PAO (Group IV) · PAO 4 · PAO 6 · PAO 8
Property	Unit	Value	Test method
Trade grades		4, 6 and 8 cSt at 100 °C	ASTM D445
Manufacture		Oligomerisation of 1-decene / 1-dodecene

Typical values, not a specification commitment. The batch analysis (COA) is binding.

Ester (Group V)

Polyol ester · diester

Polar synthetic bases that dissolve additives and complement PAO formulations.

Group V covers all base oils that fall into none of the other groups. In trade these are mainly polyol esters and diesters as well as naphthenic oils. Esters are polar, dissolve additives and ageing products well and improve the seal compatibility of PAO blends. They are typically used together in compressor and turbine oils.

Applications: Compressor oils · Turbine oils · Specialty formulations · Refrigeration oils
Packaging: 208 L drum · IBC 1,000 L · ISO tank
Supply: On a contract basis

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