Petroleum & Fuels

Gasoil, Jet A-1, fuel oil and bunker grades to standard.

6 items in this group

Tanker truck loading station with pipework and hoses

Gasoil EN 590

10 ppm sulphur

Automotive diesel to the European standard, low in sulphur and suitable for modern exhaust aftertreatment.

EN 590 is the European diesel standard and limits sulphur to 10 mg/kg. The reason is technical, because sulphur poisons SCR catalysts and particulate filters. The standard also regulates cetane number, density, flash point, water content, oxidation stability and lubricity. Lubricity matters because desulphurisation strips the fuel of its natural lubricating components.

Standards and approvals: EN 590
Applications: Fuel trading · Fleet operation · Mining and construction · Power generators
Packaging: Bulk vessel · ISO tank · Road tanker
HS code: 2710.19
Supply: On a contract basis

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Typical values Gasoil EN 590 · 10 ppm sulphur
Property	Unit	Value	Test method
Sulphur content	mg/kg	max. 10
Cetane number		min. 51	EN ISO 5165
Density at 15 °C	kg/m³	820 to 845	EN ISO 12185
Flash point	°C	min. 55	EN ISO 2719
Viscosity at 40 °C	mm²/s	2.0 to 4.5	EN ISO 3104
Water content	mg/kg	max. 200	EN ISO 12937

Typical values, not a specification commitment. The batch analysis (COA) is binding.

Jet A-1

DEF STAN 91-091 / ASTM D1655

Aviation turbine fuel to the two internationally recognised specifications.

Jet A-1 is a kerosene with a freezing point of at most -47 °C and a flash point of at least 38 °C. The British DEF STAN 91-091 and the American ASTM D1655 describe the same product with different test regimes. DEF STAN sets stricter requirements for acid number and also requires electrical conductivity. The product is traded only with a complete chain of custody and a release certificate.

Standards and approvals: DEF STAN 91-091 · ASTM D1655
Applications: Airport supply · Aviation logistics · Military and charter operations
Packaging: Bulk vessel · Road tanker · Pipeline
HS code: 2710.19
Supply: On a contract basis

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Typical values Jet A-1 · DEF STAN 91-091 / ASTM D1655
Property	Unit	Value	Test method
Flash point	°C	min. 38	ASTM D56
Freezing point	°C	max. -47	ASTM D2386
Conductivity requirement		required in DEF STAN 91-091

Typical values, not a specification commitment. The batch analysis (COA) is binding.

Heavy fuel oil 380 cSt

ISO 8217 RMG 380 · HSFO

Residual fuel for ship propulsion with exhaust scrubbers and for industrial firing.

RMG 380 to ISO 8217 limits viscosity to 380 cSt at 50 °C. HSFO carries up to 3.5 % sulphur, and since the IMO sulphur limit of 2020 ships may burn it only with an exhaust scrubber. Besides viscosity and sulphur, the critical test values in trade are cat fines and the CCAI ignition index.

Standards and approvals: ISO 8217 (RMG 380)
Applications: Bunkering with scrubber · Industrial firing · Power plants
Packaging: Bunker barge · Bulk vessel · Road tanker
HS code: 2710.19
Supply: On a contract basis

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Typical values Heavy fuel oil 380 cSt · ISO 8217 RMG 380 · HSFO
Property	Unit	Value	Test method
Viscosity at 50 °C	cSt	max. 380	ISO 3104
Sulphur	%	up to 3.5 (permitted only with scrubber)
Also tested		density, water, sediment, cat fines, CCAI

Typical values, not a specification commitment. The batch analysis (COA) is binding.

VLSFO / LSFO

max. 0.50 % sulphur (IMO 2020)

The standard marine fuel since the global sulphur cap.

Since 1 January 2020, MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14 limits the sulphur content of ship fuel outside emission control areas to 0.50 % by mass. VLSFO are blends whose composition varies widely by refinery. Testing for stability, compatibility with the previous bunker and cat fines therefore matters more here than for classic fuel oil. ISO/PAS 23263 provides the application framework.

Standards and approvals: ISO 8217 · ISO/PAS 23263 · MARPOL Annex VI Reg. 14
Applications: Bunkering · Shipping lines · Port supply
Packaging: Bunker barge · Bulk vessel
HS code: 2710.19
Supply: On a contract basis

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Typical values VLSFO / LSFO · max. 0.50 % sulphur (IMO 2020)
Property	Unit	Value
Sulphur	% m/m	max. 0.50
Tested properties		sulphur, viscosity, density, flash point, water, sediment, cat fines, CCAI

Typical values, not a specification commitment. The batch analysis (COA) is binding.

Naphtha

Steam cracker and reformer feed

Light cut used as petrochemical feedstock and as a gasoline blending component.

Naphtha boils between about 30 and 200 °C. The composition decides the price. Product rich in paraffins goes to the steam cracker for olefin production, product rich in naphthenes to the reformer for aromatics. The widely used trade specification CFR Japan requires a paraffin content of at least 65 %.

Applications: Steam crackers · Reformer units · Gasoline blending
Packaging: Bulk vessel · ISO tank
HS code: 2710.12
Supply: On a contract basis

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Typical values Naphtha · Steam cracker and reformer feed
Property	Unit	Value
Boiling range	°C	approx. 30 to 200
Paraffin content (CFR Japan)	%	min. 65

Typical values, not a specification commitment. The batch analysis (COA) is binding.

LPG (propane and butane)

EN 589 · HD-5 · Commercial Butane

Liquefied gas for household, industry, autogas and as petrochemical feedstock.

Propane, butane and mixtures are traded. The specification follows the use: EN 589 applies to autogas in Europe, the American HD-5 grade limits the propylene fraction, export propane is usually run with a maximum of 2 % ethane, commercial butane with at least 95 volume percent n-butane. Ethane and propylene content determine vapour pressure and with it the tank and transport requirements.

Standards and approvals: EN 589 · BS 4250 · HD-5
Applications: Autogas · Household and commercial · Petrochemical feedstock · Industrial furnaces
Packaging: Pressurised cylinders · Bulk tank · Gas carrier
HS code: 2711.12 / 2711.13
Supply: On a contract basis

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Typical values LPG (propane and butane) · EN 589 · HD-5 · Commercial Butane
Property	Unit	Value
Export propane	%	max. 2 ethane
Commercial butane	vol %	min. 95 n-butane

Typical values, not a specification commitment. The batch analysis (COA) is binding.

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